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Bird density profiles derived from weather radar measurements

Bird density profiles are derived from weather radar volume data in real time, by the vol2bird algorithm as described in Dokter et al. (2011, 2019). The vol2bird algorithm exploits the radar reflectivity characteristics of different scatterers in the atmosphere, in order to distinguish biological from non-biological radar echoes. Once biological scatterers are isolated in the volume files, the reflectivity of these scatterers is converted in an estimate of the bird density per vertical layer of 200m, using a mean cross section of 11 cm2. The vbird profiles are provided for the following radars, with the radar owner in parentheses: Jabbeke (RMI), Wideumont (RMI), Helchteren (VMM), Zaventem (Skeyes), Herwijnen (KNMI), Den Helder (KNMI), Neuheilenbach (DWD), Essen (DWD), Abbeville (Météo-France) and Avesnois (Météo-France).



References:

- Dokter A.M., Liechti F., Stark H., Delobbe L., Tabary P., Holleman I., Bird migration flight altitudes studied by a network of operational weather radars, J. R. Soc. Interface, 8, 30–43, 2011, DOI 10.1098/rsif.2010.0116

- Dokter A.M., Desmet P., Spaaks J.H., van Hoey S., Veen L., Verlinden L., Nilsson C., Haase G., Leijnse H., Farnsworth A., Bouten W., Shamoun-Baranes J., bioRad: biological analysis and visualization of weather radar data, Ecography, 42, 852-860, 2019, DOI 10.1111/ecog.04028

Simple

Date (Revision)
2026-10-01
Citation identifier
RMI-be / crow
Status
On going
Point of contact
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role

Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium

info@meteo.be

Point of contact

Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium

info@meteo.be

Owner
Maintenance and update frequency
Continual
User defined maintenance frequency
P0Y0M1DT0H0M0S

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

  • Atmospheric conditions

Keywords
  • federal government

  • weather radar

  • observation

  • bird migration

  • radar ornithology

  • altitude profile

Spatial scope

  • National
Access constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
No limitations on public access
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license. You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Classification
Unclassified
Spatial representation type
Vector
Distance
5000  m
Language
English
Topic category
  • Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere
N
S
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W
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Begin date
2019-10-16T00:00:00
Unique resource identifier
EPSG:4258
Distribution format
Name Version

txt

1

Digital transfer options

OnLine resource
Protocol Linkage Name

WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link

https://opendata.meteo.be

Digital transfer options

OnLine resource
Protocol Linkage Name

WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link

https://opendata.meteo.be/ftp/observations/radar/vbird/

Digital transfer options

OnLine resource
Protocol Linkage Name

WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download

ftp://opendata-me.oma.be/observations/radar/vbird
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Other

dataset

Domain consistency

Name of measure

INSPIRE Conformity

Conformance result

Title

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

Date (Publication)
2010-12-08
Explanation

See the referenced specification

Pass
No
Statement

Bird density profiles are generated for every individual radar volume scan, and hence inherit the time resolution from the originating radar scan cycle. All radars used in this data repository operate in a five minute scan cycle.

The produced output file is a plain text file, and contains a concatenation of subsequent vertical profile outputs (vpts = vertical profile time series). It contains the following columns:

- date: Date (UTC)

- time: Time (UTC)

- HGHT: Height bin (lower bound) in m above ground level.

- u: Speed component west to east in m/s.

- v: Speed component north to south in m/s.

- w: Vertical speed (unreliable!) in m/s.

- ff: Horizontal speed in m/s.

- dd: Direction in degrees clockwise from north.

- sd_vvp: VVP radial velocity standard deviation in m/s.

- gap: Angular data gap detected in T/F.

- dbz: Animal reflectivity factor in dBZ.

- eta: Animal reflectivity in cm2/km3.

- dens: Animal density in animals/km3.

- DBZH: Total reflectivity factor (bio + meteo scattering) in dBZ.

- n: Number of data points used for the ground speed estimates (quantities u, v, w, ff, dd).

- n_all: Number of data points used for the radial velocity standard deviation estimate (quantity sd_vvp).

- n_dbz: Number of data points used for reflectivity-based estimates (quantities dbz, eta, dens).

- n_dbz_all: Number of data points used for the total reflectivity estimate (quantity DBZH).



The bird density profiles are provided as is, without any manual or automatic quality control.

Metadata

File identifier
RMI_DATASET_CROW XML
Metadata language
English
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Date stamp
2026-10-01
Metadata author
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role

Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium

info@meteo.be

Point of contact
Other language
Language Character encoding
French UTF8
Dutch; Flemish UTF8
German UTF8
 
 

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